Nitrogenous and phosphorous waste production in a flow-through land-based farm of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Auteur(s) : Lemarie, Gilles Martin, Jean-louis Dutto, Gilbert Garidou, C Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A Résumé : A study on nitrogenous and phosphorous waste production in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was carried out in a flow-through land-based farm. The main objectives were (i) to calculate nitrogenous (N) and phosphorous (P) waste production (particulate and dissolved) from in situ measurements for different rearing ponds with specific fish biomasses, fish sizes and flow rates, (ii) to establish nitrogenous and phosphorous waste production budgets, ratios and equations, and (iii) to compare, for the whole farm, in situ measurements to estimate N and P waste production from waste equations. Waste production was manifest by an increase in concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen, total Kjeldhal nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations in the outlet water compared to the inlet water for both batches and whole farm. However, no production of nitrite or nitrate was observed. In our budgets, the N and P amounts from biomass gains and wastes were explained by the N and P derived from feed over the range 83.9-105.2 % and 66.5-104.6 % respectively, depending on the fish batch. Values were respectively 103.4 and 87.5 % for the same calculations in the farm. When the whole-farm waste production was calculated from previous equations derived from batches, and then compared with the measured data, the percentages of recovery (estimated by the ratio predicted data/measured data) were 88 and 94 % for total-N and total-P respectively. L'étude de la production des déchets (azote et phosphore) d'une ferme de production de bars (Dicentrarchus labrax) est réalisée. Cette étude à pour objectif (i) de mesurer in situ la production des déchets azotés et phosphores sous forme particulaire et soluble, pour différents bassins d'élevage présentant des caractéristiques variables en terme de biomasse de poisson, de taille des poissons, de débit de l'eau de renouvellement, (ii) d'établir des équations de production de déchets à partir des données précédemment acquises, (iii) de comparer, pour l'ensemble des rejets au niveau de la ferme, les résultats obtenus par des mesures in situ, d'une part, et à l'aide des équations, d'autre part. La production de déchets se traduit par une augmentation des concentrations de l'azote particulaire, de l'azote ammoniacal, de l'azote organique dissous, ainsi que du phosphore particulaire et dissous. Aucune augmentation des nitrates et nitrites n'est observée. L'établissement des budgets d'azote et de phosphore permettent de rendre compte, selon les bassins, du devenir de 88,2 à 105,2 % de l'azote et de 66,2 à 104,6 % du phosphore introduits dans les bassins sous forme de nourriture en granulés. L'étude des budgets réalisée par les deux méthodes (mesures in situ et utilisation des équations) montre que les budgets établis à l'aide des équations rendent compte respectivement de 88 et 94 % de récupération de l'azote et du phosphore. Ces résultats sont respectivement de 103,4 et 87,5 % lorsqu'ils sont établis par des mesures in situ. Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 1998-07 , Vol. 11 , N. 4 , P. 247-254 Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-872.pdf DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(98)89007-4 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/872/ | Partager |
Elevage intensif du loup Dicentrarchus labrax Auteur(s) : Coves, Denis Gasset, Eric Résumé : Different seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) intensiv rearing technics have been experimented in the pilot scale unit of our laboratory. During these upscalfing operation, the results obtained allow us to compare costs related to each fingemng production method. Closed system combined with early weaning with an efficient micropellet saves at least 69 % of direct production costs by comparison with an open system with Arternia during larval phase. However if closed systems are commonly used by private hatcheries, larval micropellets are always at experimental step. Cet article fait le point sue les coûts de production directs relatifs à différentes méthodes d'élevage intensif du loup (Dicentrarchus labrax). Il s'appuie sur des résultats zootechniques obtenus dans l'unité de démonstration à grande échelle de notre laboratoire. Par rapport à un système de production en circuit ouvert, le recyclage de l'eau permet de diviser par 2.2 les charges directes de production. Si les proies vivantes sont précédemment remplacées par une microparticule efficace, ces charges sont alors divisées par 3.2. Les techniques de recyclage de l'eau ont franchi les portes du laboratoire pour être couramment utilisées par les professionnels, alors que les aliments articifiels convenant au stade larvaire sont toujours au stade expérimental. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-1916.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1916/ | Partager Voir aussi Production cost Early weaning Closed system Intensiv Rearing D. Labrax Coût de production Sevrage précoce Recyclage Intensif Télécharger |
Effects of rearing density on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) biological performance, blood parameters and disease resistance in a flow through system Auteur(s) : Roque D'Orbcastel, Emmanuelle Lemarie, Gilles Breuil, Gilles Petochi, Tommaso Marino, Giovanna Triplet, Sebastien Dutto, Gilbert Fivelstad, Sveinung Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences Résumé : During 84 days, the effects of density on juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (76 +/- 16 g) were studied in an experimental tank-based flow through system. Performance, stress response and resistance to virus infection were analysed under five stabilized rearing densities: 10, 20, 40, 70 and 100 kg m(-3). Water quality parameters (CO2, total ammonia nitrogen and O-2) were measured and maintained close to the recommended values for farmed sea bass by adjusting water renewal exchange. No significant differences were observed between density treatments, neither on stress response (cortisol) nor susceptibility to nodavirus. With regards to biological performances, the daily feed intake and specific growth rate were significantly lower in fish reared at the 100 kg m(-3) density. Results on the effects of density in sea bass reared in flow through (present study) and in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) (Sammouth et al. 2009) were compared as a contribution to the identification of density not affecting health and welfare in farmed sea bass. Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2010-01 , Vol. 23 , N. 1 , P. 109-117 Droits : 2010 EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11287/7824.pdf DOI:10.1051/alr/2009056 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11287/ | Partager |
Le système immunitaire du bar Dicentrarchus labrax. Immunoglobulines, cellules productrices d'immunoglobulines, ontogenèse applications à une pathologie virale néonatale Auteur(s) : Breuil, Gilles Éditeur(s) : Université de Montpellier II Résumé : The sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, has been subjected to intensive aquaculture on the Mediterranean cost for ten years. Marine fish hatcheries are key factors in the aquaculture field, and face different pathologies, especially one of viral origin (nodavirus) that could challenge their feasibility. Consequently, we have tried to provide some data on larvae and spawning stocks. Firstly, we have studied the immunoglobulins, components of the specific humoral immunity, and their role as antibodies. On adult basses, these immunoglobulins are tetrameric molecules with high molecular weight (850 kD), made of heavy (H) - 80 kD and light (L) - 26 kD chains. In the eggs, simplest forms such as monomeric or dimeric are brought to the fore; they are located under the chorionic membrane. Secondly, we have studied the development of the immunity system on larvae, preparing IgM assays with ELISA method, the study on the organogenesis of the main lymphoid organs, and using flow cytometry for the ontogenesis of IgM producing cell. Based on this experience, we can propose a date for the immunocompetence onset of the bar, i.e. from the 54th day of the hatchery phase. Finally, we made the most of these different results to study a viral pathology (nodavirus) in spawners and larvae. We defined an experimental contamination model for larvae and eggs, and we highlighted that eggs born from vaccinated hen fishes were protected against the nodavirus. Le bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, fait l'objet d'une aquaculture intensive sur le littoral Méditerranéen depuis une dizaine d'années. Les écloseries marines représentent un des maillons clefs de cette filière aquacole, et sont confrontées à différentes pathologies, dont une d'origine virale (nodavirus), pouvant remettre en cause leur faisabilité. Aussi, nous avons tenté d'apporter quelques données concernant la protection des larves et des géniteurs reproducteurs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les immunoglobulines, éléments de l'immunité spécifique humorale ainsi que leur rôle anticorps. Chez les bars adultes ces immunoglobulines sont des molécules tétramériques de haut poids moléculaire (850 kD), composées de chaînes lourdes (H) de 80 kD et légères (L) de 26 kD. Dans les oeufs, des formes plus simples, monomériques ou dimériques, sont mises en évidence et sont localisées sous la membrane chorionique. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la mise en place du système immunitaire spécifique chez les larves, en effectuant le dosage des IgM par ELISA, l'étude de l'organogenèse des principaux organes lymphoïdes, puis celle de l'ontogenèse des cellules productrices d'IgM par cytométrie de flux. L'ensemble de cette étude nous permet de proposer une date d'acquisition de l'immunocompétence à partir du 54ème jour d'élevage chez le bar. Enfin, ces différents résultats ont été mis à profit dans le cadre d'une pathologie virale (nodavirus) touchant les reproducteurs et les larves. Après avoir défini un modèle de contamination expérimental des larves et des oeufs, nous avons mis en évidence une protection des oeufs lorsque ceux-ci proviennent d'une femelle vaccinée (vaccin expérimental) contre le nodavirus. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1997/these-1265.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1265/ | Partager Voir aussi Egg Cytometry Immunity system Larvae Immunoglobulin Nodavirus Dicentrarchus labrax Hatchery Ontogenese Cytometrie Télécharger |
De la maladie au bien-être, 20 ans d’évolution de la perception de la pathologie chez le loup d’élevage (Dicentrarchus labrax) Auteur(s) : Coeurdacier, Jean-luc Résumé : By looking at the common thread between 4 programs* in which the IFREMER Palavas (34, Languedoc-Roussillon region in France) station took part, this report show the evolution over 20 years in the perception of the pathology of farmed fish, and of the sea bass in particular (Dicentrarchus labrax).
During the 1990’s farming techniques became sufficiently reliable to enable to distinguish between problems of a zootechnical nature and those with a pathological origin. In anticipation of future illnesses, the necessary tools and monitoring were implemented in order to study the immune system of the sea bass. These methods arose from the recent creation of anti-immunoglobin monoclonal probes in the sea bass.
These techniques, together with others, served to search for a solution to the nodavirus epidemic which struck in1996. In the absence of a cure for this virus, the research focused on knowledge of the virus, its epidemiology and vaccine development. Despite interesting scientific results, the solution withheld to curb the Nodavirus epidemic was zootechnical. This pragmatic outcome catalysed reflections on the role of pathology, leading to notions of health, animal well-being and image. Management choices in the health of farmed fish stocks became a parameter, amongst others, included in a global commercial and farming policy.
* Définition des critères d’évaluation de l’immunocompétente chez le loup et le turbot. UMR1 Université Montpellier II IFREMER ; Nodavirus disease of cultured marine fish in Europe. FAIR PL98 4036 EU; Recherche de moyens de dépistage et prévention de la nodavirose du bar. ANVAR 9804041J ; Welfare and Health in Sustainable Aquaculture WEALTH. E.U N°501984. En prenant comme fil conducteur les travaux de 4 programmes* auxquels a participé la station IFREMER de Palavas (34), ce rapport montre l’évolution sur 20 ans de la perception de la pathologie des poissons d’élevages et du loup en particulier (Dicentrarchus labrax). Dans les années 1990 les techniques d’élevages devinrent suffisamment fiables pour permettre de distinguer les problèmes d’origines zootechniques de ceux d’origines pathologiques. En prévision des futures maladies potentielles, les outils d’étude et de suivi du système immunitaire spécifique du loup furent mis en place. Ils découlaient de la création récente de sondes monoclonales anti-immunoglobulines de loup. Ces techniques, couplées à d’autres, servirent à chercher une solution à l’épidémie de nodavirose des années 1996. En l’absence de traitement pour un virus l’accent fut mis sur la connaissance du virus, de son épidémiologie et de la vaccination. Bien que les résultats scientifiques furent très satisfaisants la solution trouvée pour juguler l’épidémie de Nodavirose fut zootechnique. Cette issue pragmatique catalysa une réflexion sur le rôle de la pathologie qui maturait depuis plusieurs années et qui déboucha sur la notion de santé, de bien être des animaux et d’image. Les choix de gestion de la santé des cheptels devinrent un paramètre, parmi d’autres, s’incluant dans d’une politique globale d’élevage et commerciale * Définition des critères d’évaluation de l’immunocompétente chez le loup et le turbot. UMR1 Université Montpellier II IFREMER ; Nodavirus disease of cultured marine fish in Europe. FAIR PL98 4036 EU; Recherche de moyens de dépistage et prévention de la nodavirose du bar. ANVAR 9804041J ; Welfare and Health in Sustainable Aquaculture WEALTH. E.U N°501984. Droits : 2013 Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26103.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26105.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26106.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/ | Partager |
Leptin receptor gene in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): cloning, phylogeny, tissue distribution and neuroanatomical organization Auteur(s) : Escobar, Sebastián Rocha, Ana Felip, Alicia Carrillo, Manuel Zanuy, Silvia Kah, Olivier Servili, Arianna Auteurs secondaires : Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC) Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail [Rennes] (Irset) ; Université d'Angers (UA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) We would like to thank the Animal Husbandry Service at IATS for technical assistance and sampling with the animals. This research was supported by UE project FP7-222719-1 (LIFECYCLE), project PROMETEO/11/2014/051 (REPROBASS) from the Valencian Regional Government and CSD2007-00002 (AQUAGENOMICS) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), Spain. European Project : 222719, EC:FP7:KBBE, FP7-KBBE-2007-2A, LIFECYCLE(2009) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience In this study, we report the cloning of three transcripts for leptin receptor in the European sea bass, a marine teleost of economic interest. The two shortest variants, generated by different splice sites, encode all functional extracellular and intracellular domains but missed the transmembrane domain. The resulting proteins are therefore potential soluble binding proteins for leptin. The longest transcript (3605 bp), termed sblepr, includes all the essential domains for binding and transduction of the signal. Thus, it is proposed as the ortholog for the human LEPR gene, the main responsible for leptin signalling. Phylogenetic analysis shows the sblepr clustered within the teleost leptin receptor group in 100% of the bootstrap replicates. The neuroanatomical localization of sblepr expressing cells has been assessed by in situ hybridization in brains of sea bass of both sexes during their first sexual maturation. At histological level, the distribution pattern of sblepr expressing cells in the brain shows no clear differences regarding sex or reproductive season. Transcripts of the sblepr have a widespread distribution throughout the forebrain and midbrain until the caudal portion of the hypothalamus. A high hybridization signal is detected in the telencephalon, preoptic area, medial basal and caudal hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland. In a more caudal region, sblepr expressing cells are identified in the longitudinal torus. The expression pattern observed for sblepr suggests that in sea bass, leptin is very likely to be involved in the control of food intake, energy reserves and reproduction ISSN: 0016-6480 hal-01290500 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500/document https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500/file/Leptin%20receptor%20gene%20in%20the%20European%20sea%20bass%20postprint.pdf DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.017 | Partager |
Dietary probiotic live yeast modulates antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Auteur(s) : Tovar-ramirez, D. Mazurais, David Gatesoupe, J. F. Quazuguel, Patrick Cahu, Chantal Zambonino-infante, J. L. Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv Résumé : The main goal of this work was to determine the effect of dietary live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on the enzymatic antioxidative status of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae. Growth, activity and expression of the main antioxidative enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heat shock protein (HSP70) were measured in sea bass larvae at 23 and 48 days after hatching. Larvae were fed on two microdiets: group one, fed microdiet containing live yeast and the control group fed microdiet without yeast. Heat shock protein 70 showed the same expression levels in both fish larvae fed yeast and the control diet. The group fed D. hansenii showed highest growth and lower activity and expression levels of GPX and SOD compared to fish fed control diet. In our work the differences in activity and gene expression patterns could only be attributed to the presence of yeast, assuming a possible involvement of superoxide anion retention in fish larvae, which could represent importance to the host to increase cell or tissue responsiveness to growth- and/or differentiation-enhancing factors. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2010-02 , Vol. 300 , N. 1-4 , P. 142-147 Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11299/7881.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.12.015 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11299/ | Partager |
Effects of high food-demand fish removal in groups of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Auteur(s) : Di Poi, Carole Beauchaud, M Bouchut, C Dutto, Gilbert Coves, Denis Attia, J Éditeur(s) : NRC Résumé : In self-feeding conditions, a few individual sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax (L., 1758)) display strong activity in striking the food dispenser, whereas the remaining individuals of the group actuate the feeder weakly or never. Here, we investigated the effects of removal of the individuals showing dominant activity on the social and feeding behaviours in groups of juvenile sea bass. Following removal, new fish showing a dominant self-feeding activity quickly appear. They always come from the group of fish that have a low number of triggering actuations. This observation shows that it takes less time, about 5 days after the removal of dominant triggerers vs. 14 days at the beginning, for the re-establishment of the behavioural structure, suggesting the possibility of social transmission between individuals. The fish that show weak triggering activity seem to reach the high-food triggering level without obvious signs of competition. This experiment reveals the importance of the food-demand behavioural structure: the fish displaying the highest activity lead to a general food distribution and play a dominant role in feeding the entire group. Functional plasticity in this role within individuals is also demonstrated, indicating that the high-triggering function is essential for the group and not for the individual themselves. Au sein d'un groupe de bars (Dicentrarchus labrax (L., 1758)) placés en auto-nourrissage, quelques individus disposent d'une activité forte de déclenchement volontaire du distributeur d'aliments. Les autres poissons du groupe disposent d'une activité de demande faible voire nulle. Ici, nous avons étudié l'impact du retrait des poissons à forte activité sur le comportement alimentaire et social de groupes de bars juvéniles. De nouveaux individus à forte activité réapparaissent rapidement, provenant exclusivement de la classe de poissons de faible demande. Cinq jours en moyenne suffisent après le retrait, contre 14 jours au début de l'expérience, pour que la structure comportementale se rétablisse suggérant l'existence d'une transmission sociale entre les individus. Ces poissons de faible activité semblent de plus atteindre leur nouvelle fonction sans aucun signe de compétition. Cette expérience révèle d'abord l'importance de la structure de la demande alimentaire puisqu'elle réapparaît après le retrait. Elle montre également que l'activité des forts manipulateurs conduit à une distribution générale de l'aliment et contribue à nourrir le groupe en entier. L'étude montre enfin une plasticité fonctionnelle indiquant que seule la fonction de manipulateur fort est essentiel pour la stabilité du groupe, non l'identité des individus par elle-même. Canadian journal of zoology (0008-4301) (NRC), 2008-09 , Vol. 86 , N. 9 , P. 1015-1023 Droits : 2008 NRC Canada http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4766.pdf DOI:10.1139/Z08-077 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4766/ | Partager |
Rickettsia-like organism infecting juvenile sea-bass Dicentrarchus labrax Auteur(s) : Comps, Michel Raymond, J. C. Plassiart, G. N. Éditeur(s) : European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP) Résumé : High levels of mortalities (20%) associated with abnormal swimming have been observed in farmed juveniles of seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, in Mediterranean coast, southern France. Histopathology was obvious in the brain with nervOUS tissue necrosis and the presence of ceUs containing basophilic granules corresponding to smaU coccoid organisms. Ultrastructural examination revealed these organisms were rickettsia-like organisms morphologicaUy close to Piscirickettsia salmonis Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. (European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP)), 1996 , Vol. 16 , N. 1 , P. 30-32 Droits : European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP) http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/publication-6158.PDF http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6158/ | Partager |
Expression of kisspeptins in the brain and pituitary of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Auteur(s) : Escobar, Sebastián Felip, Alicia Gueguen, Marie-Madeleine Zanuy, Silvia Carrillo, Manuel Kah, Olivier Servili, Arianna Auteurs secondaires : Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC) Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail [Rennes] (Irset) ; Université d'Angers (UA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Wiley & Sons Résumé : International audience Kisspeptins are now considered key players in the neuroendocrine control of puberty and reproduction, at least in mammals. Most teleosts have two kiss genes, kiss1 and kiss2, but their sites of expression are still poorly documented. As a first step in investigating the role of kisspeptins in the European sea bass, a perciform fish, we studied the distribution of kiss1 and kiss2-expressing cells in the brain of males and females undergoing their first sexual maturation. Animals were examined at early and late in the reproductive season. We also examined the putative expression of estrogen receptors in kiss-expressing cells and, finally, we investigated whether kisspeptins are expressed in the pituitary gland. We show that kiss1-expressing cells were consistently detected in the habenula and, in mature males and females, in the rostral mediobasal hypothalamus. In both sexes, kiss2-expressing cells were consistently detected at the level of the preoptic area, but the main kiss2 mRNA-positive population was observed in the dorsal hypothalamus, above and under the lateral recess. No obvious sexual differences in kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA expression were detected. Additional studies based on confocal imaging clearly showed that most kiss1 mRNA-containing cells of the mediobasal hypothalamus strongly express ERα and slightly express ERβ2. At the pituitary level, both sexes exhibited kiss1 mRNA expression in most FSHβ-positive cells and never in LHβ-positive cells. ISSN: 0092-7317 hal-00877326 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877326 PUBMED : 22886357 DOI : 10.1002/cne.23211 | Partager |
Potentiel probiotique de levures productrices des polyamines dans le développement du système digestif du bar Dicentrarchus labrax et de la cabrilla arenera Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Auteur(s) : Tovar, Dariel Éditeur(s) : Co-tutelle Al Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste - Université de Bretagne occidentale Résumé : The interest in probiotics for aquaculture is increasing rapidly. In the present work we evaluated the potential of some yeast to induce the larvae gut maturation in sea bass larvae Dicentrarchus labrax. The production of polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine was quantified in ten yeast strains using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Afterwards, fluorescently labelled yeast adhesion to the intestine of sea bass larvae and the spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus) was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Two of them, CBS 8339 strain (Debaryomyces hansenii) and X2180 strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) produce the polyamines of our interest. The same strains showed the best adhering capabilities to the sea bass and spotted sand bass intestine. Both strains were selected and introduced by pulverization into the diet of larvae. The larvae fed with CBS 8339 strain, increase survival in 8.3% but not in their weight. The secretion of trypsin and amylase as well as those from the brush border membrane: alkaline phosphatase, maltase and leucine aminopeptidase, are incresed at 27 days after hatching (dah). At 42 dah difference in the enzyme activity of the different groups does not exist, suggesting a maturation of the digestive system in early stages of larval development. A second experiment was carried out to know the effect of different levels of incorporation into the diet of CBS 8339 strain: 1.1% and 5.7%. The minimum level, 1.1% of yeast produce best growth and survival rates, as well as lower deformed larvae than those obtained by 5.7% and the control one. Both level of yeast inclusion favored the trypsin secretion and lipase activity at 26 dah. Whereas mRNA levels for trypsin and amylase were influenced by both yeast concentrations at 26 and 36 dah, which suggest a development of digestive capacity of larvae as a result of the presence of polyamines secreted by the yeast. Les probiotiques ont été définis comme des préparations microbiennes vivantes utilisées comme additif alimentaire, et qui ont une action bénéfique sur l'animal hôte en améliorant la digestion et l'hygiène intestinale. L'application de tels traitements aux productions aquacoles suscite un intérêt qui s'accroît rapidement. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l'effet de souches de levures sur la maturation de l'intestin des larves du bar Dicentrarchus labrax. Ces souches produisent des polyamines qui sont impliquées dans la réplication et la différentiation cellulaire, ainsi que dans la synthèse des protéines et des acides nucléiques. Dix souches de levures ont été testées pour leur production de polyamines (putrescine, spermidine et spermine), et pour leur adhérence à la paroi intestinale du bar et la cabrilla (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus). La production des polyamines a été analysée en utilisant la chromatographie liquide à haute performance (HPLC). Les levures selectionées ont été marquées avec un composé fluorescent pour tester leur adhérence a l'intestin de larves de bar et de juvéniles de cabrilla. L'adhérence a pu ainsi être evaluée par observation microscopique en épifluorescence. Les souches CBS 8339 (Debaryomyces hansenii) et X2180 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ont été choisies pour leur forte production de spermidine et de spermine, respectivement, et pour leur capacité d'adhérence à l'intestin du bar et de la cabrilla. Les deux souches ont été ajoutées par pulvérisation au régime des larves. Nous avons observé une augmentation de 8.3% du taux de survie avec les larves alimentées avec la souche CBS 8339, mais le poids moyen de ces larves était inférieur à celui obtenu sans ajout de levure. Une augmentation de l'activité de la trypsine et de l'amylase, aussi bien que des activités enzymatiques dans la bordure en brosse, aminopeptidase, phosphatase alkaline et maltase, ont été observées dans les larves âgées de 27 jours alimentées avec la souche CBS 8339. Au jour 42, il n'existait plus de différence d'activité enzymatique entre les larves traitées ou non avec la levure. Ces résultats suggèrent que la maturation du système digestif a été accélérée chez les larves nourries avec la levure, la maturation étant achevée chez les larves de 42 jours, qu'elles aient reçu l'un ou l'autre régime. Une deuxième expérience a été effectuée pour étudier l'effet de différents niveaux d'incorporation dans le régime contenant 1,1% et 5,7% de levure CBS 8339. L'incorporation de 1,1% a induit une augmentation du poids moyen et du taux de survie des larves, ainsi qu'une réduction du taux de malformation de la colonne vertébrale, par rapport aux résultats obtenus avec 0 ou 5,7% de levure. Les deux niveaux d'incorporation de la levure ont favorisé l'activité de la trypsine et de la lipase au jour 26. Les niveaux d'ARNm codant pour la synthèse de la trypsine et de l'amylase ont été influencés par les deux doses de levure aux jours 26 et 36. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'une faible dose de levure améliore le développement et la capacité digestive des larves, et nous formulons l'hypothèse que cette efficacité est due à la production de polyamines in situ. Le rôle des polyamines est particulièrement important pendant les phases de forte croissance comme les stades larvaires, mais elles peuvent être toxiques à dose trop élevée. L'incorporation de levure dans l'aliment destiné aux larves semble donc une excellente méthode pour délivrer les polyamines chez l'animal hôte. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/these-103.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/103/ | Partager Voir aussi Ontogeny Digestive enzymes Fish larvae Polyamines Probiotics Ontogénèse Enzymes digestives Larves de poisson Polyamines Probiotiques Télécharger |
Projet d'elevage du loup en mer : etude technico-economique du pregrossissement et du grossissement Auteur(s) : Tanguy, Renan Le Grel, Laurent Résumé : After 12 years of a difficult start, the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) breeding projects are multiplying. Faced with the constraints presented by the sites used in the past, farming at sea seems to offer conditions more conducive to the growth and survival of the animals. The zootechnical data from the farm makes it possible to link the rate of growth and the thermal profile of the site. Risks and uncertainties still weigh heavily on aquafarming projects, but solutions such as insurance are helping to improve their economic feasibility. The economic and financial analysis comes up with good overall profitability of the project, even if the duration of the breeding cycle and the necessity to ensure a progressive increase in operating capacity make the start-up phase long and not very lucrative. (OCR non controlé) Après 12 années d'un démarrage difficile, les projets d'élevage du loup (Dicentrarchus labrax) se multiplient. Face aux contraintes que présentent les sites utilisés par le passé, l'élevage en mer semble offrir des conditions plus favorables à la croissance et à la survie des animaux. Les données zootechniques de l'élevage permettent de mettre en relation la vitesse de croissance et le profil thermique du site. Risques et incertitudes pèsent encore lourdement sur les projets aquacoles, mais des solutions telles que l'assurance contribuent à améliorer leur faisabilité économique. L'analyse économique et financière conclut à une bonne rentabilité globale du projet même si la durée du cycle d'élevage et la nécessité d'assurer une montée en puissance progressive de l'exploitation rendent la phase de démarrage longue et peu rémunératrice. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-2417.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2417/ | Partager |
Evaluation des performances et de la qualité de triploïdes de bar (Dicentrarchus labrax) Auteur(s) : Falguiere, Jean-claude Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/rapport-2077.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2077/ | Partager |
Remplacement total des artémia par des microparticules inertes dans l'élevage larvaire de l'ombrine Sciaenops ocellatus en Martinique Auteur(s) : Petton, Bruno Falguiere, Jean-claude Éditeur(s) : Proceedings of the 59th Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Résumé : In most of marine fishes cultured, larvae in their early development are fed with live prey (rotifer and/or artemia). In hatcheries, culture of these preys is labour consuming, needs specific facilities and represent an important part of production cast. On the other hand, world artemia production is subjected to fluctuation of harvest in the wild which could Iimit fish farming industry in the near future. A dried formula adapted to marine fish larvae has been perfected by Ifremer's center of Brest (France) and is distributed by a feeding company since 1999. This artificial microbound diet has been successfully tested on several temperate fishes such as European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) or European seabream (Sparus aurata) in a co-feeding (i.e. artemia and dried diet) strategy. Experiments described here were carried out ta evaluate the performances obtained during total substitution of artemia by this diet in Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larval culture. ln 2004 and 2005, four experiments were conducted on feed technology aspects (experimental or industrial manufacturing), weaning strategy (direct or co-feeding) and feed distribution method (prototypes or classical self feeder) in comparison to the standardized method using live preys. At the end of larval phase (day 15) and at day 30, end of nursery phase (0.6 g), survival relative to control (RTC) was respectively 96.9% and 111.0% in the best treatment. Concerning growth, the weight RTC reached at day 15 and day 30 was respectively 82.8% and 72.4%. However, it is important to note that rearing protocols have to be adapted ta the use of these micro pellets in order toprevent degradation of culture quality. These results show that this new product can be applied on industrial scale in private hatcheries. But further research is needed ta evaluate replacement of rotifers by this dried formula in order to completely eliminate live prey in larval culture of Red drum. Dans la plupart des poisons marins élevés, les larves sont nourries avec des proies vivantes (rotifères et/ou artémia) au début de leur développement. Dans les écloseries, la culture de ces proies est consommatrice de main d'oeuvre, nécessite des installations spécifiques et entre pour une part importante dans le coût de production. Par ailleurs, la production mondiale d'artémia est dépendante de la fluctuation des récoltes dans le milieu naturel, ce qui pourrait gêner la filière piscicole marine dans un futur proche. Une formulation alimentaire inerte adaptée aux larves de poisson marin a été mise au point par le centre Ifremer de Brest (France) et est commercialisée par un provendier depuis 1999. Ces microparticules artificielles ont été testée avec succès sur plusieurs poissons tempérés comme le bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax), la morue atlantique (Gadus morha) ou la daurade européenne (Sparus aurata) dans un contexte de co-feeding (i.e. artémia et aliment inerte). Les expériences décrites ici ont été menées afin d'évaluer les performances obtenues lors de la substitution totale des artémia par cet aliment dans l'élevage larvaire de l'ombrine (Sciaenops ocellatus). En 2004 et 2005, quatre expériences ont été menées sur l'aspect technologie alimentaire (fabrication expérimentale ou industrielle), la stratégie de sevrage (direct ou co-feeding) et le mode de distribution de l'aliment (distributeur classique ou prototypes) en comparaison au standard sur proies vivantes. En fin de phase larvaire (jour 15) et au jour 30 après une phase de prégrossissement (0.6g), la survie par rapport au témoin (RTC) était respectivement de 96.9% et 111 .1% dans le meilleur traitement. Concernant la croissance, les poids obtenus aux jours 15 et 30 atteignaient respectivement 82.8% et 72.4%. Cependant il est important de relever que les protocoles d'élevage doivent être adaptés à l'utilisation de ces microparticules afin de prévenir une dégradation de la qualité d'élevage. Ces résultats montrent que ce nouveau produit peut être appliqué à l'échelle industrielle dans les écloseries privées. Cependant, les recherches doivent être poursuivies pour évaluer les possibilités de remplacement des rotifères par ces aliments inertes afin de s'affranchir complètement de l'utilisation de proies vivantes dans l'élevage larvaire de l'ombrine. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-6597.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6597/ | Partager Voir aussi micro diets Sciaenops ocellatus larval culture aquaculture microparticules Sciaenops ocellatus élevage larvaire aquaculture Télécharger |
Haematological and physiological characteristics of diploid and triploid sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Auteur(s) : Peruzzi, Stefano Varsamos, Stamatis Chatain, Beatrice Fauvel, Christian Menu, Bruno Falguiere, Jean-claude Severe, Armelle Flik, Gert Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : The purpose of this study was to determine whether diploid and triploid sea bass differed in terms of main haematological and physiological characteristics. Diploid and triploid fish were produced by sub-optimal pressure treatments and held in communal environments under standard rearing conditions. Total red blood cell count (RBCC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), plasma metabolites, osmotic pressure, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, electrolytes, cortisol, and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3) were measured and compared. Triploidisation in sea bass led to an increase in erythrocyte size (32% in cytoplasm surface area, and 50% in nucleus) and a decrease in erythrocyte number (similar to34%). Haemoglobin and basal plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower in triploid sea bass than in diploids. There were also differences between ploidies in the plasma concentrations of some electrolytes, with triploids showing lower concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, S, and Cu than their diploid counterparts. Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2005-02 , Vol. 244 , N. 1-4 , P. 359-367 Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-508.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.028 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/508/ | Partager |
Behavioral and neurophysiological responses of European sea bass groups reared under food constraint Auteur(s) : Di Poi, Carole Attia, J Bouchut, C Dutto, Gilbert Coves, Denis Beauchaud, M Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Résumé : The individual food-demand behavior of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) reared in groups under self-feeding conditions was investigated. The triggering activity on self-feeder, i.e. index of the food-demand activity, agonistic interactions and territorial behavior were monitored for periods of 42 to 68 days in six groups of 50 fish. The specific growth rate was calculated and the brain serotonergic activity was used as a stable index of social stress. Inter-individual differences appeared in triggering activity and three groups were distinguished: 3-5 high-triggering fish, 17-30 low-triggering fish and the remaining individuals were null-triggering fish. There were no significant differences in specific growth rates calculated at the end of the experiment (day 42 or day 68) between individuals with high, low, and null food-demand (ANOVA, p > 0.05). No territorial or agonistic behaviors were observed, however, there were significant differences in brain scrotonergic activity between the three triggering groups (ANOVA, p=0.050 in telencephalon and p=0.004 in cerebellum). Specifically, high-triggering fish had lower serotonergic turnover than low or null-triggering fish. We put forth the hypothesis that fish with low or null-triggering activity could be stressed by the high activity of high-triggering individuals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Physiology & Behavior (0031-9384) (Elsevier), 2007-03 , Vol. 90 , N. 4 , P. 559-566 Droits : 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2637.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.005 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2637/ | Partager |
Is total serum protein a good indicator for welfare in reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)? Auteur(s) : Coeurdacier, Jean-luc Dutto, Gilbert Gasset, Eric Blancheton, Jean-paul Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A Résumé : Reared sea bass were submitted to six stressful situations: hyperoxia with or without hypercapnia, increased stocking density in an open flow or recirculating system, transfer to another tank and nodavirus injection. The potentially negative impact of these factors on the lives of sea bass was investigated by measuring 9 water parameters and 19 fish parameters including total serum protein (TSP). TSP has already been used to evaluate stress. The present study investigates data of previous and new experiments, concentrating on the potential use of TSP as a routine indicator to assess welfare in sea bass reared on fish farms. In the current experiment, oxygen and carbon dioxide were seen to affect levels of TSP, but alterations were too erratic to enable proper comparison, probably because they are normal components of the fish environment and become toxic only by dose increase. TSP decreased when stocking density increased. After transfer to another tank, TSP decreased to 14% for three weeks and then increased during the fourth week through compensative overproduction, before returning to normal levels after 2 months. The results confirmed that transfer is an important stress factor for fish, with cumulative effects for successive transfers. TSP alteration of nodavirus-injected fish depends on the type of symptoms, which can be divided into 3 groups: (i) dying fish, in which TSP increased sharply due to over-production of protein involved in non-specific defences and inflammation, then decreased dramatically before death; (ii) whirling fish, a group that included both fish that later died, in which TSP decreased, and fish that subsequently survived, in which TSP increased due to development of specific immunity; and (iii) asymptomatic fish, in which TPS was similar to control levels and which were probably insensitive to nodavirus and/or had developed defences. In this paper, different mechanisms of TSP alteration are proposed and the interest of TSP as a field parameter is discussed. TSP is a non-destructive parameter that is robust, easy to measure everywhere and cheap, representing a suitable way of monitoring the overall welfare of fish by its regular increase. It can be used only as a "warning" of poor rearing conditions, however, and further investigations would be needed to identify the specific stress or health disorder. Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 2011-04 , Vol. 24 , N. 2 , P. 121-127 Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2011 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00043/15382/12740.pdf DOI:10.1051/alr/2011130 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00043/15382/ | Partager |
Two examples of nutritional pathology related to vitamins E and C deficiencies Auteur(s) : Baudin Laurencin, F Messager, J Stephan, Gwendal Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques Ifremer, Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb - 4 Mar 1989, n°9, chap. 17, pp.171-181 Résumé : Symptoms recalling a nutritional pathology and more precisely a process of lipid peroxydation were observed during the last years in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and other fishes cultured in tropical marine condition, Ocyurus chrysurus and Lutjanus analis . They included dark coloration, skin ulceration, lethargy, anorexy, emaciation. Histological examinations showed hepatic fatty degenerative lesions, pancreatitis, muscular degeneration and retinal atrophy. Additional vitamins E and C in the food suppressed that pathological symptoms. The previously evoked clinical or histological signs were not achieved in spite of an increase of the level of hepatic, muscular or blood malondialdehyde and of the conjugated dienes of the perivisceral fat. In the same time, hepatic and muscular tocopherol decreased. These experiments also showed the feasibility and the interest of different analyses in the characterization of such a pathology: hemolysis test and activity of enzymes such as erythrocytic catalase or superoxyde dismutase and plasma glutathione peroxydase. Another nutritional disease is worth describing again, the Granulomatous Hypertyrosinaemia. It was essentially investigated in turbot Scophtalmus maximus but other fish species such as sea bream Chrysophris aurata are often affected. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1501.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1501/ | Partager |
Does coastal lagoon habitat quality affect fish growth rate and their recruitment? Insights from fishing and acoustic surveys Auteur(s) : Brehmer, Patrice Laugier, Thierry Kantoussan, J. Galgani, Francois Mouillot, D. Éditeur(s) : Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd Résumé : Ensuring the sustainability of fish resources necessitates understanding their interaction with coastal habitats, which is becoming ever more challenging in the context of ever increasing anthropogenic pressures. The ability of coastal lagoons, exposed to major sources of disturbance, to provide resources and suitable habitats for growth and survival of juvenile fish is especially important. We analysed three lagoons with different ecological statuses and habitat quality on the basis of their eutrophication and ecotoxicity (Trix test) levels. Fish abundances were sampled using fishing and horizontal beaming acoustic surveys with the same protocols in the same year. The relative abundance of Anguilla anguilla, Dicentrarchus labrax or the Mugilidae group was not an indicator of habitat quality, whereas Atherina boyeri and Sparus aurata appeared to be more sensitive to habitat quality. Fish abundance was higher in the two lagoons with high eutrophication and ecotoxicity levels than in the less impacted lagoon, while fish sizes were significantly higher in the two most severely impacted lagoons. This leads us to suggest low habitat quality may increase fish growth rate (by the mean of a cascading effect), but may reduce lagoon juvenile abundance by increasing larval mortality. Such a hypothesis needs to be further validated using greater investigations which take into account more influences on fish growth and recruitment in such variable environments under complex multi-stressor conditions. Estuarine Coastal And Shelf Science (0272-7714) (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd), 2013-07 , Vol. 126 , P. 1-6 Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00148/25963/24083.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2013.03.011 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00148/25963/ | Partager |